Summary of Chua Essay Example for Free

Summary of Chua Essay To change the emphasis of mainstream accounting research from hypothetico-deductivism and technical control assumptions to alternative views and obtain a fundamentally different and potentially rich research insights. Aim 1. To enable accounting researchers to self-reflect on the dominant assumptions that they share and, more importantly, the consequence of adopting this position. a. Limited the types of problems studied b. The use of research methods c. The possible research insights that could be obtained Author believes that such limitations can only become clear when they are exposed to the challenge of alternative world-views 2. To introduce such alternative set of assumptions, illustrate how they change both problem definition and solution, and offer research which is fundamentally different from that currently prevailing. 3. To argue that, not only are these alternative world-views different, they can potentially enrich and extend our understanding of accounting. Authors intended audience Positivist researchers, Public, Professionals, academics, All researchers Arguments presented to support main point Recent classifications of accounting perspectives Cooper (19830 ad Hopper ad Powel (1985) rely on the sociological work of Burrell and Morgan (1979) * Classification of accounting literature: 1. social sciences – includes assumptions about: * ontology of the social world (realism v. nominalism) * epistemology (positivism v. anti-positivism) * human nature (determinism v. voluntarism) * methodology (nomothetic v. ideographic) 2. society – characterizes it as orderly or subject to fundamental conflict Burell and Morgan (1979) Four paradigms used to classify accounting theories * Functionalist * Interpretive * Radical humanist Radical structuralist Problems persisted so accounting perspectives are differentiated with reference to underlying assumptions about knowledge, the empirical phenomena under study, and the relationship between theory and the practical world of human affairs. A classification of assumptions â€Å"knowledge is produced by people, for people, and is about people and their social and physical environm ent† Beliefs about knowledge Epistemological assumptions * Decide what to count about acceptable truth by specifying the criteria and process of assessing truth claims * E. . an epistemological assumption might state that a theory is considered true if it is repeatedly not falsifiable by empirical events Methodological assumptions * Indicate that research methods deemed appropriate for the gathering of valid evidence. * E. g. large-scale sample surveys or laboratory experiments that are â€Å"statistically sound† may be considered acceptable research methods. Both sets of assumptions are closely related. What is a â€Å"correct† research method will depend on how truth is defined. Belief about physical and social reality Ontology Object of Study * People may be viewed as identical to physical objects and be studied in the same manner * Criticism: people cannot be treated as natural scientific objects because they are self-interpretive beings who create the structures around them (Habermas, (1978) and winch (1958)) How people relate to one another and society as a whole * Every social theory makes assumptions about the nature of human society-is it, for example full of conflict or essentially stable and orderly Relationship between theory and practice Questions Purpose of knowledge in the world of practice, How may it be employed to better people’s welfare * Theory may be related to practice in several ways, each representing a particular value position on the part of the scientist (Fay (1975)). Unlike Burell and Morgan, this set of assumptions is used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of alternative perspectives in accounting. This is not an attempt to describe world-views in a value-free, non-evaluatory language

Binge Drinking On Americas Campuses Essay -- Binge Drinking College A

Binge Drinking on America's Campuses On any Friday or Saturday night, the average college student is usually drinking, dancing and out having fun. They typically party with friends at fraternity parties, bars, and clubs; and unfortunately most of these students are underage, consuming excessive amounts of alcohol or 'Binge Drinking'. Binge drinking results in several detrimental outcomes, some are even fatal. Today this type of drinking is rampant on educational campuses everywhere. Large and small, urban and rural educational institutions are not left unaffected by this growing trend to binge drink.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Binge drinking is defined as "the consumption of five or more drinks, in a row, on at least one occasion" (NCADI). Several surveys announce that about 1/3rd of high school seniors and 42 percent of college students binge drink on a regular basis(NCADI). Figures such as these are extremely upsetting because one expects institutions of higher learning to be the breeding ground for new leaders and innovative thinkers. Unfortunately, these statistics only make educational campuses appear, as if, everything is a party, much like National Lampoon's Animal House. Animal House is a 1980's movie dedicated to displaying college life and the experience in a college fraternity; it constantly depicted students binge drinking. Harvard University's School of Public Health conducted a College Alcohol study, surveying students at more than 119 colleges. Of those surveyed, 44 percent admitted to having engaged in binge drinking at least once in the two weeks prior to the survey (Booze News). Researchers discovered that white students, age 23 or younger, and members of a fraternity or sorority, on average are more likely to binge drink (Booze News). They also noted that students who were binge drinkers in high school, were three times more likely to binge drink in college (Booze News). "The percentage of students who are binge drinkers is nearly uniform from freshman year to senior year, and over half of the binge drinkers were frequent binge drinkers" (Booze News). Binge drinking has been associated with several alcohol-related problems. The Harvard survey also notes that "a higher percentage of binge drinkers than non-binge drinkers reported having experienced alcohol-related problems, since the beginning of the school year" (Booze News). Frequent bing... .... http://www.health.org/govpubs/phd627/binge.htm ?Booze News Fact Sheet: BINGE DRINKING ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES.? Booze News Newsletter. February 2,1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cspinet.org/booze/collfact.htm Bormann, Carol A. and Stone, Michael H. ?The Effects of Eliminating Alcohol in a College Stadium: The Folsom Field Beer Ban(University of Colorado at Boulder).? Journal of American College Health, Sept 2001 v50 i2 p81. Brick, John. ?Alcohol Poisoning.? A publication of Intoxikon International. AOL Online. http://members.aol.com/intoxikon/alcohol.poisoning.html Buurma, Christine. ?U. Michigan student's death shows risk of binge drinking.? The Cavalier Daily Online Edition. November 16, 2000. http://www.cavalierdaily.com/Cvarticle.asp?ID=6604&Date=11/16/2000&Keyword=binge+drinking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Durand, Maria F. ?A Major Turning Point: MIT Case Causes Repercussions Throughout Nation.? ABC News Online. September 18, 2000. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/us/DailyNews/mit000915.html ?Media Project Launched to Combat College Binge Drinking.? Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). November 20, 1997. http://www.cspinet.org/new/aluncorn.htm

IELTS

Look at these six explanations or definitions of ‘education' written in different styles ND: Decide if the explanations are spoken or written.Match each one with the source from which you think it was taken, listed at the end. Education can be seen as either a battlefield for values or a question of systems or, more simply, as an extension of the biological function of the upbringing of children – known more simply as parenting. We'll start by looking at how far the role of teacher goes beyond being a parent. The process by which your mind develops through learning at a school, college, or university; the knowledge and skills that you gain from being taught. Education' comes from a Latin word.One of the important things about education is to give people an interest in knowledge and an ability to learn – or strategies or techniques for learning – and a knowledge of how to find out about things they want to know. Education: teaching, schooling, training, inst ruction, tuition, tutelage, edification, tutoring, cultivation, upbringing, indoctrination, drilling; learning, lore, knowledge, information, erudition†¦ ‘Its Education forms the common mind Just as the twig is bent, the tree's inclined. People going to school and learning.Students discuss the questions to introduce the subject of the lesson. Students' own answers. Ideas may include: use of formal vocabulary; clearly organized and structured; need for support for ideas. It is important to follow the conventions so that your writing is accepted as a valid contribution to the academic debate. If the writing uses a different style or format it will not be regarded as ‘academic writing, even if the ideas are valid. Informal and formal Students compare two definitions of economics. The informal/spoken text is unplanned; includes hesitation fillers; uses informal language e. You know; is personal; uses questions. The formal/written text is planned; does not include any he sitation or digression; uses formal vocabulary; is impersonal. Students identify which sentences are formal and which are informal. Answers: F Students complete the guidelines with the words from the box. Personal tentative evidence neutral vague, precise contractions abbreviations slang speaking Students rewrite the sentences in a formal style. Possible answers: It was reported that it was unsatisfactory. It seemed that the lecture was very difficult to understand.They need to discover owe to conduct a survey of elderly people's opinions of young children. The results were better than expected. / appeared to be better than expected. It was reported that none of the students knew the answer. One man described his unhappiness at being alone. Identifying different styles Students read the six explanations of ‘education', decide if they are written or spoken and match them to the sources. Answers: e d b Students write an explanation of education in an academic style. Various answ ers are possible.Model answer (uses impersonal structures; cautious/tentative language; purports ideas with examples; is neutral in tone; uses specific vocabulary; avoids contractions and colloquialisms). The term ‘education' can be defined in a number of different ways. A narrow definition might be limited to the education system, that is, the structure organizing schools, colleges, and universities, and those who work and learn in them. A broader understanding of the term would include all types of teaching, training and learning, including parent-child interactions at home and any type of communicative activity in which information is shared.

Integrating Psychology And Theology Case Study - 1034 Words

Integrating Psychology and Theology does not look the same for everyone, but I feel it is important for Christians to remain true to their faith while working in the field that God has set forth for them. God has appointed His servants as the light in our darkened world. It is through Him that we are able to gain knowledge and understanding of the world around us. I believe that God has left us instructions in the Bible that cover all aspects of life and give us a starting point to base our knowledge off of. I identify with the Allies integration approach when it comes to intertwining my faith with the field of Psychology because this model â€Å"recognizes that all truth is known by God, who is Sovereign over all things. It acknowledges†¦show more content†¦I believe that God created the world and everything that is in it. My beliefs align with a supernatural view. Supernaturalists believe that the â€Å"material world exists, but that it came into existence at som e point when God created it† (Entwistle, 2015, p. 126). God’s Word can be found in Scripture detailing how our existence came to be. The Bible starts off with â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, and darkness covered the deep waters† (Genesis 1:1-2). This detailed description explains what many scientists try to figure out because they do not believe in the existence of God. I believe that in order to understand the meaning and direction of life I need to have a Christian view of humanity. When it comes to my philosophical anthropology I believe I need to have a theological reflection. I need to understand that God designed us for perfection, but through the fall of man we have become sinners. We are designed in God’s image and it is through Him that we are to love those around us. When I first became a Christian I never gave any thought to what that meant about my relationships or even tha t I would see the world differently than before. Over time I came to realize that accepting God is more than a simple yes or no answer. It is changing one’s lifestyle and thoughts to reflect the one who created us in His image. Integration of my faith with the worldShow MoreRelatedHuman Change Implies More Than An Absence Of Problems†¦1011 Words   |  5 PagesHuman change implies more than an absence of problems†¦ life is more than an absence of suffering, said by Alphons Richert, the author of Integrating Existential and Narrative Therapy: A Theoretical Base for Eclectic Practice (p. 367). 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14